Breast Cancer Prevention: Mammography
Editor’s Note: This article was originally published on 17 August 2023 and updated on 9 February 2026.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Italian women. According to the latest estimates, in 2024 there were approximately 53,686 new cases in women, with a smaller number of 621 cases in men.
Survival rates are high, especially when breast cancer is detected early. Prevention and timely diagnosis through regular screening can significantly increase the chances of effective treatment and a favorable outcome.
Main Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
The main risk factors associated with breast cancer include:
- Advanced age.
- Family history and heredity.
- Reproductive and hormonal factors.
- Dietary and metabolic factors.
- Lifestyle.
- Previous chest radiotherapy.
- History of breast dysplasia or neoplasms.
Who Should Get a Mammogram and When?
Mammography is a key tool in breast cancer screening, allowing early detection of breast tumors. General guidelines recommend:
- Starting screening mammography at age 40.
- Frequency should be based on personal risk factors and medical history, typically every 1–2 years.
Mammography is effective in detecting abnormalities that may not be noticed through self-examination.
What Is Mammography?
Mammography is a radiological exam that provides detailed images of breast tissue by gently compressing it. The procedure may cause mild discomfort, usually lasts about 20 minutes, and remains one of the most reliable methods for early breast cancer detection.
If a lump or suspicious mass is felt during self-examination, it is recommended to consult a physician, who may advise a mammogram or additional diagnostic tests.
European Screening Guidelines
According to the European Commission recommendations for asymptomatic women at average risk:
- Ages 40-44: Routine screening mammography is not recommended.
- Ages 45-54: Mammography every 2–3 years is advised.
- Ages 50-69: Screening mammography every 2 years.
- Ages 70-74: Mammography every 3 years, depending on overall health.
What You Should Know About Mammography
Mammograms may be less clear in women with dense breast tissue. In such cases, additional tests such as ultrasound or MRI may be recommended to detect potential tumors.
As with any screening test, mammography can produce false positives, meaning results that suggest cancer but turn out to be benign. Nevertheless, the benefits of early detection far outweigh the potential risks.
General Guidelines for Prevention
To help prevent breast cancer and maintain overall health, it is important to:
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
- Perform regular self-exams and monitor for any changes in the breasts.
- Participate in screening programs at the frequency recommended by a physician, which may include mammography, ultrasound, or MRI.
Focusing on prevention and early diagnosis is crucial to increasing the effectiveness of treatments and improving overall prognosis.
Learn more about the Oncology screening programs at UPMC Salvator Mundi International Hospital.