Cancer Screenings: A Clear Guide for Prevention and Health
Editor’s Note: This article was originally published on 29 January 2025 and updated on 12 February 2026.
In 2023, approximately 395,000 new cancer diagnoses were recorded in Italy, an increase compared to 376,600 in 2020. These figures highlight the importance of greater awareness and a proactive approach to health — a challenge that requires effective preventive strategies.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Thanks to early diagnosis, between 2007 and 2019, 268,471 cancer deaths were avoided in Italy. This outcome results from ongoing efforts in cancer screenings, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, and advancements in medical-scientific research in the oncology field. These data underline how crucial it is to participate regularly in screening programs and adopt preventive behaviors.
Informed Choices for Health
While the number of new cancer diagnoses is expected to increase in the coming decades, it is possible to make conscious choices to reduce risk and improve health. Cancer screenings play a key role in prevention and early diagnosis, and particular attention should be given to:
- Testicular cancer screening.
- Breast cancer screening.
- Cervical cancer screening.
- Colorectal cancer screening.
- Lung cancer screening.
- Prostate cancer screening.
- Skin cancer screening.
Regular participation in these programs allows for the detection of cancers at an early stage, improving the chances of effective treatment and overall prognosis.
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer, the second most common cancer, can be detected through annual stool tests or colonoscopy, which provides a direct view of the colon and rectum. Adults between 45 and 75 years old should discuss screening with their doctor, adjusting the frequency according to individual conditions and risk factors.
Lung Cancer Screening
Lung cancer, the third most common, can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle and smoking cessation. For high-risk individuals, annual screening using low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended. This group includes adults between 55 and 80 years old with a history of heavy smoking, current or past.
Testicular Cancer Screening
Testicular cancer is more common among young men, mainly affecting those aged 15 to 34, and is rare beyond 60. Early diagnosis is crucial, as the cure rate can reach 99%. Prevention begins with monthly self-examination of the testicles, a simple practice that can help detect abnormalities. In case of lumps, pain, or changes in size, it is essential to promptly consult a urologist for a thorough evaluation.
Cervical Cancer Screening
In 2024, over 13,820 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed. The introduction of the Pap test has helped reduce mortality from this type of cancer by more than 50%. A Pap test is recommended every three years for women aged 21 to 29, even if vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). For women aged 30 to 65, several options are available: a Pap test every three years, a primary HPV test every five years, or a co-test (Pap test and HPV test) every five years.
Breast Cancer Screening
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and can be asymptomatic in the early stages. To reduce the risk of mortality, early diagnosis through regular screenings is essential. Annual mammography is recommended between ages 40 and 44, followed by biennial screenings between 45 and 69, and continuing with triennial checks until age 74. In the presence of risk factors, a doctor may suggest starting as early as age 30.
Skin Cancer Screening
Skin cancer is often caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun and tanning beds. A monthly self-examination at home, inspecting the skin from head to toe, can help detect suspicious signs early. It is advisable to consult a specialist if changes are noticed and to undergo a full dermatological check at least once a year.
Prostate Cancer Screening
Prostate cancer screening is recommended for all men between 50 and 70 years old. A simple annual blood test measures the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, a key indicator of prostate health. In the presence of abnormalities or a family history of cancer, a specialist urology consultation is advised.
Taking Care of Your Health
Investing in your health means investing in your future. Active management of cancer screenings, combined with a healthy lifestyle, is a fundamental step to reduce cancer risk and improve quality of life. Sharing this information helps raise awareness and motivates more people to take control of their health.