Oncological Screenings: Why a Colonoscopy Can Save Your Life?
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death (WHO data).
In its early stages, it often doesn’t show any symptoms, for that reason prevention plays an even more crucial role. One of the most common warning signs is rectal bleeding, which could indicate the presence of polyps at risk of becoming cancerous.
A colonoscopy is the most effective screening test for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. If detected early, 90% of patients have a significantly higher five-year survival rate.
Minimally invasive, safe, and effective, a colonoscopy allows for the examination of the colon and rectum to identify and remove any abnormalities before they develop into cancer. A simple test that can make a difference.
Colonoscopy: How It Works and What to Expect?
A colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination that allows for the diagnosis and, when necessary, treatment of precancerous polyps, tumors, bleeding, ulcers, and inflammation of the colon.
The specialist gently inserts the colonoscope – a flexible tube with a camera – through the anus and rectum, advancing it along the colon to examine its lining. During the procedure, the colonoscope inflates the colon with air to improve visibility.
The exam lasts between 30 and 60 minutes and is performed with mild sedation. The patient is positioned on their side with their knees towards their chest and monitored with sensors to check vital signs.
If polyps or other abnormalities are found, the doctor can remove them immediately or take tissue samples for further analysis. After the exam, the patient may feel bloated or gassy, but these effects quickly subside.
After the Colonoscopy
- It is recommended to avoid driving for the rest of the day.
- The report is provided immediately after the procedure.
- If polyps were removed or samples taken, biopsy results will be available later.
How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy?
For an effective colonoscopy, it is essential that the colon is completely clean. The doctor will provide detailed instructions, but generally, the preparation follows these steps:
- Three days before: follow a low-fiber diet, avoiding fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. Drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.
- The day before: for breakfast, you can have tea, coffee, milk, plain yogurt, biscuits, or non-wholemeal toast.
- For lunch, opt for a light meal, such as broth, small pasta, or plain yogurt.
- For dinner, only clear liquids are allowed, such as tea, chamomile, or broth.
- The evening before and the morning of the exam: follow the bowel preparation indicated by the doctor, taking the prescribed laxative to eliminate intestinal residues.
- The day of the exam: complete fasting until the procedure (water allowed up to four hours before). If deep sedation is planned, bring the required blood tests with you.