Do You Need a Pap Smear if You Are Not Sexually Active?
Last Updated: 13 March 2025
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women after breast cancer. According to the report “Cancer Statistics in Italy 2024” (AIRTUM-AIOM), approximately 2,400 new cases are estimated in Italy in 2024, accounting for 1.3% of all female cancers. The good news is that prevention plays a key role today: thanks to regular screening, it is possible to detect the disease at an early stage, significantly increasing the chances of recovery.
One of the most effective prevention tools is the Pap test, an exam that allows for the early detection of potential cell abnormalities in the cervix. This type of cancer is more common in young women and is often associated with a persistent infection by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse.
But if one is not sexually active, is it still necessary to undergo a Pap test?
The answer is yes. Although HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, it can also be spread through other means, such as contact with contaminated objects. Additionally, the virus can remain dormant for years, making it difficult to determine exactly when the infection occurred. For this reason, all women, regardless of sexual activity, should follow the recommendations for cervical screening.
What is the Pap Test?
The Pap test is a screening exam that detects the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix, allowing for the identification of any precancerous or cancerous lesions. HPV is responsible for over 90% of cervical cancer cases, and while many HPV infections are transient, some can develop into cancer if not treated in time. Therefore, the Pap test remains one of the most effective tools for prevention.
An alternative to the Pap test is the HPV test, which detects the presence of the virus itself, often before cell changes occur. These two tests work synergistically to ensure early diagnosis.
How Often Should You Get a Pap Test?
In Italy, the Ministry of Health recommends a Pap test every three years for women aged 25 to 64. In recent years, the HPV test has gained traction as a primary screening tool due to its higher sensitivity. Women who test negative for HPV can repeat the test every five years, while those who test positive will undergo further monitoring for any cellular changes. Specialists may suggest different timing based on each woman's medical history.
When to Consult a Specialist?
Symptoms such as abdominal pain, unusual vaginal bleeding, or pain during intercourse could indicate issues with the cervix, but they can also be related to other conditions. It is crucial to consult a gynecologist for an accurate evaluation.
Prevention of Cervical Cancer
In addition to the Pap test and HPV test, other preventive strategies include:
- HPV vaccination, recommended up to age 45.
- Use of condoms, which reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of transmission.
- Adopting a healthy lifestyle to reduce other risk factors such as smoking and obesity.
Take advantage of the packages of the Promotion about Women's Health at UPMC Salvator Mundi International Hospital.