How to Prevent Hip Fractures

Falls are the leading cause of hip fractures and become increasingly common with age. According to data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità collected through the "Passi d’Argento" surveillance, 6% of people aged 65 to 74 and 11% of those over 85 report having fallen. Falls are more common among women (9% compared to 6% of men) and among those facing economic difficulties (12% versus 6% of those who do not).

The issue of falls among the elderly is concerning not only due to the frequency and severity of fractures but also because of the repercussions on psychological and physical well-being. The fear of falling can create insecurity, limiting daily activities and reducing quality of life.

Osteoporosis and Hip Fractures

Most hip fractures occur in patients over 65 with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones, making them more fragile and prone to fractures. Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being regenerated: the body removes old bone tissue and replaces it with new. However, around age 30, the replacement process slows down, leading to a gradual loss of bone mass. This thinning and weakening increases the risk of fractures as one ages.

Osteoporosis affects both men and women, but women are more vulnerable in the postmenopausal period due to decreased estrogen levels, which accelerate bone density loss. This often silent condition is diagnosed through Bone Mineral Density (BMD) testing, also known as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a non-invasive scan similar to an X-ray that measures the mineral density of bones.

Treatment for osteoporosis generally includes taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, using specific medications, and engaging in resistance exercises to strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk.

Reducing the Risk of Hip Fractures

Although a family history of osteoporosis and lower bone structure are significant risk factors, it is possible to adopt preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis and hip fractures.

Choices made in younger years can significantly impact bone health in later life. To keep bones strong and prevent osteoporosis, it is essential to follow some good practices:

• Balanced Diet: Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, which are crucial for bone health. Sources of calcium include milk, dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods. Vitamin D, necessary for calcium absorption, can be obtained through sunlight exposure and foods like fatty fish and eggs.
• Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in resistance exercises and weight-bearing activities, such as walking, jogging, or weightlifting, can help strengthen bones and muscles, improving coordination and reducing the risk of falls.
• Avoid Harmful Habits: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are factors that weaken bones. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol can improve overall health and preserve bone strength.

By being more aware of the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and the preventive measures to take, older adults can significantly reduce their risk of hip fractures. This helps avoid debilitating conditions and maintain a better, more independent quality of life over time.

Learn more about the Center for Orthopaedic Prosthetic Surgery at UPMC Salvator Mundi International Hospital.