#WorldCancerDay. Cancer Screening and Prevention
According to the latest data from the Global Cancer Observatory of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 2022 there were 436,242 new cancer cases diagnosed in Italy, a 16% increase from 2020 (World Health Organization, 2024).
Among the most common types of cancer, breast cancer remains the most prevalent, accounting (13.2% of all cases), followed by colorectal cancer (12.6%), lung cancer (10%), prostate (8,8%) and bladder cancers (7,9%).
Informed Choices for Our Health
The good news is that cancer mortality is decreasing, thanks to advances in medical research and increased awareness about screening programs and the spread of healthier lifestyles. Poor dietary habits contribute to 35% of cancer cases, while adopting the Mediterranean diet can reduce overall mortality by 10% (Associazione Italiana Oncologia Medica, 2024).
Cancer screenings are crucial for early diagnosis and identifying effective treatments: let’s explore which screenings are recommended for targeted prevention.
Breast cancer screening
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the female population and, in its early stages, may be asymptomatic. To reduce the risk of mortality, early diagnosis through regular screenings is essential. It is recommended to begin annual mammograms between the ages of 40 and 44, then transition to biennial screenings between the ages of 45 and 69, and continue with triennial checks until the age of 74. In the presence of risk factors, the doctor may suggest starting as early as 30.
Colorectal tumor screening
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer and can be detected through annual stool tests or colonoscopies, which allow for a direct view of the colon and rectum. It is recommended to begin screening from the age of 45 to 75, customizing the approach based on individual needs and in agreement with your family doctor.
Cervical cancer screening
In 2024, over 13,820 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed. The introduction of the Pap test has contributed to a reduction in mortality from this type of cancer by over 50%. It is recommended that women aged 21 to 29 undergo a Pap test every three years, even if vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). For women aged 30 to 65, several options are available: a Pap test every three years, primary HPV testing every five years, or a co-test (Pap test and HPV test) every five years.
Skin cancer screening
Skin cancer is often caused by exposure to UV rays from the sun and tanning beds. Prevention starts with simple daily actions, such as performing a monthly self-examination of the skin, checking every part of the body. If any abnormalities are noticed, it is crucial to consult a specialist. It is also recommended to undergo a full skin examination annually for early diagnosis.
Lung cancer screening
Lung cancer screening is not recommended for the general population but is indicated for high-risk individuals, such as smokers or former smokers with a long history of tobacco consumption. In these cases, a low-dose computed tomography (CT) can help detect a lung cancer at an early stage, improving the chances of effective treatment.
Prostate Cancer Screening
Prostate cancer screening is recommended for all men between the ages of 50 and 70. A simple annual blood test can measure the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a key indicator of the prostate's health. In the presence of abnormalities or a family history of cancer, a follow-up with a urologist is recommended.
Testicular Cancer Screening
Testicular cancer is more common among young men, primarily between the ages of 15 and 34, and rare after 60. Early diagnosis is crucial, as the cure rate can reach 99%. Prevention starts with a monthly self-examination of the testicles, a simple practice that can help detect any abnormalities. In the presence of lumps, pain, or changes in size, it is essential to promptly consult a urologist for a thorough assessment.
Taking care of your health today is an investment for your future. Let’s share this information to raise awareness and encourage everyone to take care of their health.