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Colorectal Cancer: Am I At Risk?

Colorectal Cancer: Am I At Risk? | UPMC Italy

March is the month dedicated to raising awareness about colon and rectal cancer, the second most common cancer in Italy, with nearly 50,000 cases registered in 2024 (source: Cancer Statistics in Italy 2024, AIOM-AIRTUM).

According to a recent study published in the Annals of Oncology, the incidence and mortality of this cancer are increasing among young adults aged 25 to 50 years in Europe. However, thanks to screening programs, mortality is generally decreasing.

Prevention remains essential: but how can one understand if they are at risk of developing colon cancer and when is it necessary to undergo screening tests? Let’s look at this together.

Risk Factors for Colon and Rectal Cancer

There are several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing colon and rectal cancer.

  • Age: After the age of 45, the likelihood of developing this cancer increases significantly.
  • Family and Personal History of Colon Cancer or Polyps: According to the American Cancer Society, about one in four people with colorectal cancer has a family history of the disease. The risk increases if the affected family member is a parent, sibling, or child. Additionally, having had colon cancer before increases the risk of developing it again.
  • Diet: Favoring foods rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, and limiting the consumption of red or processed meats can help reduce the risk of developing cancer.
  • Alcohol Abuse: Studies have shown that excessive consumption increases the risk of colon and rectal cancer.
  • Smoking: A common misconception is that smoking only causes lung cancer. This is not true; smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of this and other cancers.
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary Lifestyle: Being physically active reduces the risk of developing cancers.
  • History of Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that cause prolonged inflammation of the colon. Dysplasia (abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum) that often develops in people with IBD can evolve into cancerous forms.
  • Hereditary Conditions: Some hereditary conditions, such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch Syndrome), are associated with an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer.

Don’t forget that prevention is key: contact one of our gastroenterology experts by booking your appointment today.