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Cervical and Ovarian Cancer

Cervical and Ovarian Cancer | UPMC Italy

Recognizing the symptoms of ovarian cancer and cervical cancer can be complex for many women. However, there are useful tests for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, while some signs of ovarian cancer may emerge even in the early stages. As with all types of cancer, timely diagnosis is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Every tumor is unique, and only a specialist can define the most appropriate treatment plan for each patient.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Cervical and ovarian tumors tend to be asymptomatic in the early stages, but may later manifest symptoms that are often common to other conditions. Let’s look at the key signs not to overlook.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding outside the menstrual cycle.
  • Unusual vaginal discharge in terms of color and consistency.
  • Pelvic pain.
  • Pain or bleeding during sexual intercourse.

Prevention and Early Diagnosis

  • Annual gynecological exams with Pap smear.
  • HPV DNA testing.

In case of suspected diagnosis, further steps may include:

  • Comprehensive pelvic examination.
  • Colposcopy with biopsy.
  • Pelvic MRI.
  • Chest CT scan.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

  • Abdominal swelling or pain in the pelvic area.
  • Unusual vaginal bleeding.
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea.
  • Chronic fatigue.
  • Nausea or feeling full quickly during meals.

Prevention and Early Diagnosis

  • Annual gynecological exams with bimanual palpation and transvaginal ultrasound. For women with hereditary genetic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, preventive options should be discussed with a specialist.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Care

Patients with ovarian or cervical cancer are treated by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including:

  • Gynecologists specializing in reproductive system disorders.
  • Gynecologic oncologists, experts in treating female reproductive system tumors.
  • Radiation oncologists.
  • Medical oncologists for chemotherapy and medication management.

Treatment planning takes into account various factors, such as the stage of the cancer, the patient’s age, overall health, and the desire for future pregnancies.

What Are the Treatment Options?

Cervical and ovarian cancers are treatable and require therapies that may include:

  • Chemotherapy.
  • Radiation therapy.
  • Targeted therapy.
  • Surgery.
  • Hormonal therapy (for ovarian cancer).

The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall condition, which will be discussed with specialists to define the most suitable course of action.

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